Note 05/26/2026 12:15:38

Agriculture is the primary livelihood for a large proportion of Uttarakhand's rural population, practised on terraced hillsides shaped by centuries of careful cultivation. The signature of mountain agriculture here is the terrace — step-like cultivated plots reducing erosion and retaining moisture. Major crops include rice, wheat, mandua, jhangora, maize, and buckwheat. Horticulture is increasingly important — apples, peaches, pears, walnuts, litchis, and strawberries are cultivated. The state has ambitious plans to become India's first fully organic state. However, rapid out-migration of youth is leaving an aging farming population and thousands of abandoned terraces across the hills.

•           Agriculture supports a large proportion of Uttarakhand's rural population, though its GDP share isdeclining.

•           Terrace farming — step-like terraces carved into hillsides — is the hallmark of mountain agriculture here.

•           Terraces reduce soil erosion, enable water retention, and have been maintained by families forgenerations.

•           Major crops include rice, wheat, mandua (finger millet), jhangora (barnyard millet), maize, andbuckwheat.

•           Horticulture is growing in importance — apples, peaches, pears, walnuts, and strawberries arecultivated.

•           The Doon Valley is famous for its high-quality basmati rice and extraordinarily sweet litchi orchards.

•           Medicinal and aromatic plant cultivation is a promising higher-value alternative to traditional cerealfarming.

•           The Uttarakhand Organic Commodity Board certifies products as the state aims to become India's firstfully organic.

•           Out-migration is a serious challenge — many terraces are being abandoned as youth leave for cities.

•           The government promotes horticulture, floriculture, and organic farming through various supportschemes.

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